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Все зависит от конечной цели. Если требуется проверить наличие, скажем, 3DNow, вполне можно обойтись WinAPI функцией IsProcessorFeaturePresent, экспортируемой из kernel32.dll. Правда стоит иметь в виду: из-за, мягко говоря, не совсем удачной реализации, функция может вполне возвращать ложное значение. Поэтому остаются два других варианта: через реестр и вызов cpuid посредством машинных кодов.
Через реестр
Сведения о характерных для процессора особенностях хранятся в значении реестра FeatureSet ключа HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\CentralProcessor\X (где X - номер процессора). Как расшифровывается данное значение Microsoft документировать наотрез отказывается, но ничего сложного там на самом деле нет - смещения да логические операции, - но вот объяснять как именно эти операции проводятся уж очень муторно. Кстати, значение FeatureSet также можно получить с помощью NtQuerySystemInformation, а именно SystemInformationClass = 1 и структуры SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION, имеющей одинаковый размер в x86 и x64 системах и равной 12 байтам.
Код:  typedef _SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION {
USHORT ProcessorArchitecture;
USHORT ProcessorLevel;
USHORT ProcessorRevision;
USHORT Reserved;
ULONG ProcessorFeatureBits;
} SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION;
Пример получения данного значения:
Код: try {
$ptr = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal(0xC)
if ([Regex].Assembly.GetType(
'Microsoft.Win32.NativeMethods'
).GetMethod(
'NtQuerySystemInformation'
).Invoke($null, @(1, $ptr, 0xC, $null)) -ne 0) {
throw New-Object InvalidOperationException(
'Could not get system processor information.'
)
}
[BitConverter]::ToUInt32(
[BitConverter]::GetBytes(
[Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReadInt32($ptr, 8)
), 0
)
}
catch { $_ }
finally {
if ($ptr) {
[Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::FreeHGlobal($ptr)
}
}
cpuid
Крайне непопулярная техника, так как требует специфических навыков и знаний (в частности языка Ассемблера). В системе целочисленных команд процессора есть cpuid, которая получает информацию о текущем процессоре; для получения информации необходимо в регистр EAX поместить параметр (одно из значений 0, 1 или 2). Если EAX = 0, то в регистрах EAX, EBX, EDX и ECX формируется следующая информация:
EAX = n, где n - максимально допустимое значение параметра, которое может быть помещено в регистр EAX для задания режима сбора информации;
EBX, EDX, ECX - в них будет содержаться строка-идентификатор процессора, наприер, AuthenticAMD.
Если EAX = 1, формируется следующая информация:
EAX = n - информация о процессоре (SteppingId, Model, Family, Type);
EDX = n, ECX = n - собственно, информация о фичах процессора.
Ну и к слову, если EAX = 2, в регистрах EAX, EBX, ECX и EDX формируется информация о кэш-памяти первого уровня и TLB-буферах.
Если все это перевести в PowerShell, то получим примерно следующее:
Код: function Get-CpuId {
begin {
@(
[Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention],
[Runtime.InteropServices.GCHandle],
[Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal],
[Reflection.Emit.OpCodes]
) | ForEach-Object {
$keys = ($ta = [PSObject].Assembly.GetType(
'System.Management.Automation.TypeAccelerators'
))::Get.Keys
$collect = @()
}{
if ($keys -notcontains $_.Name) { $ta::Add($_.Name, $_) }
$collect += $_.Name
} # accelerators
function private:Get-ProcAddress {
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[String]$Module,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=1)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[String[]]$Function
)
begin {
[Object].Assembly.GetType(
'Microsoft.Win32.Win32Native'
).GetMethods(
[Reflection.BindingFlags]40
) | Where-Object {
$_.Name -cmatch '\AGet(ProcA|ModuleH)'
} | ForEach-Object {
Set-Variable $_.Name $_
}
}
process {}
end {
if (($ptr = $GetModuleHandle.Invoke(
$null, @($Module)
)) -eq [IntPtr]::Zero) {
throw New-Object InvalidOperationException(
'Could not find specified module.'
)
}
$Function | ForEach-Object {$ret = @{}}{
$ret[$_] = $GetProcAddress.Invoke(
$null, @($ptr, [String]$_)
)
}{$ret}
}
} # Get-ProcAddress
function private:New-Delegate {
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
[ValidateScript({$_ -ne [IntPtr]::Zero})]
[IntPtr]$ProcAddress,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=1)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[Type]$Prototype,
[Parameter(Position=2)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[CallingConvention]$CallingConvention = 'StdCall'
)
$method = $Prototype.GetMethod('Invoke')
$returntype = $method.ReturnType
$paramtypes = $method.GetParameters() |
Select-Object -ExpandProperty ParameterType
$holder = New-Object Reflection.Emit.DynamicMethod(
'Invoke', $returntype, $(
if (!$paramtypes) { $null } else { $paramtypes }
), $Prototype
)
$il = $holder.GetILGenerator()
if ($paramtypes) {
0..($paramtypes.Length - 1) | ForEach-Object {
$il.Emit([OpCodes]::Ldarg, $_)
}
}
switch ([IntPtr]::Size) {
4 { $il.Emit([OpCodes]::Ldc_I4, $ProcAddress.ToInt32()) }
8 { $il.Emit([OpCodes]::Ldc_I8, $ProcAddress.ToInt64()) }
}
$il.EmitCalli(
[OpCodes]::Calli, $CallingConvention, $returntype,
$(if (!$paramtypes) { $null } else { $paramtypes })
)
$il.Emit([OpCodes]::Ret)
$holder.CreateDelegate($Prototype)
} # New-Delegate
function private:Get-Blocks {
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
[ValidateNotNull()]
[Byte[]]$Bytes,
[Parameter()]
[Switch]$AsInteger,
[Parameter()]
[Switch]$AsString
)
$reg = @{
eax = $Bytes[0..3]
ebx = $Bytes[4..7]
ecx = $Bytes[8..11]
edx = $Bytes[12..15]
}
if ($AsInteger) {
$reg.Keys | ForEach-Object {$num = @{}}{
$num[$_] = [BitConverter]::ToInt32($reg[$_], 0)
}
$reg = $num
}
if ($AsString) {
$reg.Keys | ForEach-Object {$str = @{}}{
$str[$_] = -join [Char[]]$reg[$_]
}
$reg = $str
}
$reg
} # Get-Blocks
# вспомогательная функция (имитация операторов -shr и -shl для PS v2)
function private:Set-Shift {
param(
[Parameter(Position=0)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[ValidateSet('Left', 'Right')]
[String]$Direction = 'Right',
[Parameter(Position=1)]
[ValidateNotNull()]
[Object]$Type = [Int32]
)
@(
'Ldarg_0'
'Ldarg_1'
'Ldc_I4_S, 31'
'And'
$(if ($Direction -eq 'Right') { 'Shr' } else { 'Shl' })
'Ret'
) | ForEach-Object {
$def = New-Object Reflection.Emit.DynamicMethod(
$Direction, $Type, @($Type, $Type)
)
$il = $def.GetILGenerator()
}{
if ($_ -notmatch ',') { $il.Emit([OpCodes]::$_) }
else {
$il.Emit(
[OpCodes]::(($$ = $_.Split(','))[0]), ($$[1].Trim() -as $Type)
)}
}
$def.CreateDelegate((
Invoke-Expression "[Func[$($Type.Name), $($Type.Name), $($Type.Name)]]"
))
} # Invoke-Shift
$kernel32 = Get-ProcAddress kernel32 ('VirtualAlloc', 'VirtualFree')
($sig = @{
VirtualAlloc = [Func[IntPtr, UIntPtr, UInt32, UInt32, IntPtr]]
VirtualFree = [Func[IntPtr, UIntPtr, UInt32, Boolean]]
}).Keys | ForEach-Object {
Set-Variable $_ (New-Delegate $kernel32.$_ $sig[$_])
}
[Byte[]]$bytes = switch ([IntPtr]::Size) {
4 {
0x55, #push ebp
0x8B, 0xEC, #mov ebp, esp
0x53, #push ebx
0x57, #push edi
0x8B, 0x45, 0x08, #mov eax, dword ptr[ebp+8]
0x0F, 0xA2, #cpuid
0x8B, 0x7D, 0x0C, #mov edi, dword ptr[ebp+12]
0x89, 0x07, #mov dword ptr[edi+0], eax
0x89, 0x5F, 0x04, #mov dword ptr[edi+4], ebx
0x89, 0x4F, 0x08, #mov dword ptr[edi+8], ecx
0x89, 0x57, 0x0C, #mov dword ptr[edi+12], edx
0x5F, #pop edi
0x5B, #pop ebx
0x8B, 0xE5, #mov esp, ebp
0x5D, #pop ebp
0xC3 #ret
}
8 {
0x53, #push rbx
0x49, 0x89, 0xD0, #mov r8, rdx
0x89, 0xC8, #mov eax, ecx
0x0F, 0xA2, #cpuid
0x41, 0x89, 0x40, 0x00, #mov dword ptr[r8+0], eax
0x41, 0x89, 0x58, 0x04, #mov dword ptr[r8+4], ebx
0x41, 0x89, 0x48, 0x08, #mov dword ptr[r8+8], ecx
0x41, 0x89, 0x50, 0x0C, #mov dword ptr[r8+12], edx
0x5B, #pop rbx
0xC3 #ret
}
}
$features = @{}
}
process {
$func = $ExecutionContext.SessionState.InvokeCommand.GetCommand(
'New-Delegate', [Management.Automation.CommandTypes]::Function
).ScriptBlock
$shr = Set-Shift
try {
$ptr = $VirtualAlloc.Invoke(
[IntPtr]::Zero, (New-Object UIntPtr($bytes.Length)),
(0x1000 -bor 0x2000), 0x40
)
$cpuid = {
param([Int32]$Level, [Byte[]]$Bytes)
$func.Invoke(
$ptr, [Action[Int32, [Byte[]]]], 'Cdecl'
)[0].Invoke($Level, $Bytes)
}
[Marshal]::Copy($bytes, 0, $ptr, $bytes.Length)
[Byte[]]$buf = New-Object Byte[](16)
$cpuid.Invoke(0, $buf)
$vendor = "$(( # вендор
$str = Get-Blocks $buf -AsString
).ebx)$($str.edx)$($str.ecx)"
# low leaves
$ids = (Get-Blocks $buf -AsInteger).eax
$low = @()
for ($i = 0; $i -le $ids; $i++) {
$cpuid.Invoke($i, $buf)
if ($i -eq 1) {
$reg = Get-Blocks $buf -AsInteger
$stepping = $reg.eax -band 0xF
$model = $shr.Invoke($reg.eax, 4) -band 0xF
$family = $shr.Invoke($reg.eax, 8) -band 0xF
$logiccpu = $shr.Invoke($reg.ebx, 16) -band 0xFF
$features['fpu'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000001
$features['vme'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000002
$features['de'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000004
$features['pse'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000008
$features['tsc'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000010
$features['msr'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000020
$features['pae'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000040
$features['mce'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000080
$features['cx8'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000100
$features['apic'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000200
$features['sep'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000800
$features['mtrr'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00001000
$features['pge'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00002000
$features['mca'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00004000
$features['cmov'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00008000
$features['pat'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00010000
$features['pse36'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00020000
$features['psn'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00040000
$features['clflush'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00080000
$features['ds'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00200000
$features['acpi'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00400000
$features['mmx'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00800000
$features['fxsr'] = $reg.edx -band 0x01000000
$features['sse'] = $reg.edx -band 0x02000000
$features['sse2'] = $reg.edx -band 0x04000000
$features['ss'] = $reg.edx -band 0x08000000
$features['htt'] = $reg.edx -band 0x10000000
$features['tm'] = $reg.edx -band 0x20000000
$features['ia64'] = $reg.edx -band 0x40000000
$features['pbe'] = $reg.edx -band 0x80000000
$features['sse3'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000001
$features['pclmulqdq'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000002
$features['dtes64'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000004
$features['monitor'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000008
$features['ds_cpl'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000010
$features['vmx'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000020
$features['smx'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000040
$features['est'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000080
$features['tm2'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000100
$features['ssse3'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000200
$features['cntx_id'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000400
$features['sdbg'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000800
$features['fma'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00001000
$features['cx16'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00002000
$features['xtpr'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00004000
$features['pdcm'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00008000
$features['pcid'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00020000
$features['dca'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00040000
$features['sse4_1'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00080000
$features['sse4_2'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00100000
$features['x2apic'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00200000
$features['movbe'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00400000
$features['popcnt'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00800000
$features['tsc_deadline'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x01000000
$features['aes'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x02000000
$features['xsave'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x04000000
$features['osxsave'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x08000000
$features['avx'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x10000000
$features['f16c'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x20000000
$features['rdrnd'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x40000000
$features['hypervisor'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x80000000
}
$leave = New-Object PSObject -Property (Get-Blocks $buf -AsInteger)
$low += $leave
}
# high leaves
$cpuid.Invoke(0x80000000, $buf)
$ids = (Get-Blocks $buf -AsInteger).eax
$top = @()
$name = '' # брэндовая строка
for ($i = 0x80000000; $i -le $ids; $i++) {
$cpuid.Invoke($i, $buf)
if ($i -eq 0x80000001) {
$reg = Get-Blocks $buf -AsInteger
$features['syscall'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00000800
$features['mp'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00080000
$features['nx'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00100000
$features['mmxext'] = $reg.edx -band 0x00400000
$features['fxsr_opt'] = $reg.edx -band 0x02000000
$features['pdpe1gb'] = $reg.edx -band 0x04000000
$features['rdtscp'] = $reg.edx -band 0x08000000
$features['lm'] = $reg.edx -band 0x20000000
$features['3dnowext'] = $reg.edx -band 0x40000000
$features['3dnow'] = $reg.edx -band 0x80000000
$features['lahf_lm'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000001
$features['cmp_legacy'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000002
$features['svm'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000004
$features['extapic'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000008
$features['cr8_legacy'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000010
$features['abm'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000020
$features['sse4a'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000040
$features['misalingsse'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000080
$features['3dnowprefetch'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000100
$features['osvw'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000200
$features['ibs'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000400
$features['xop'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00000800
$features['skinit'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00001000
$features['wdt'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00002000
$features['lwp'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00008000
$features['fma4'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00010000
$features['tce'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00020000
$features['nodeid_msr'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00080000
$features['tbm'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00200000
$features['topoext'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00400000
$features['perfctr_core'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x00800000
$features['perfctr_nb'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x01000000
$features['dbx'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x04000000
$features['perftsc'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x08000000
$features['pcx_l2i'] = $reg.ecx -band 0x10000000
}
if ($i -eq 0x80000002 -or $i -eq 0x80000003 -or $i -eq 0x80000004) {
$name += "$((
$reg = Get-Blocks $buf -AsString
).eax)$($reg.ebx)$($reg.ecx)$($reg.edx)"
}
$leave = New-Object PSObject -Property (Get-Blocks $buf -AsInteger)
$top += $leave
}
$cpuid = New-Object PSObject -Property @{
Vendor = $vendor
Name = $name.Trim()
SteppingId = $stepping
Model = $model
Family = $family
LogicalCPUCount = $logiccpu
Features = $features.Keys | ForEach-Object {
if ($features[$_]) { $_ }
} | Sort-Object
LowLeaves = $low
HighLeaves = $top
} | Select-Object (
'Vendor', 'Name', 'SteppingId', 'Model', 'Family',
'LogicalCPUCount', 'Features', 'LowLeaves', 'HighLeaves'
)
}
catch { $_ }
finally {
if ($ptr) { [void]$VirtualFree.Invoke($ptr, [UIntPtr]::Zero, 0x8000) }
}
}
end {
$cpuid
$collect | ForEach-Object { [void]$ta::Remove($_) }
}
}
Пример:
Код: PS C:\> $cpuid = Get-CpuId
PS C:\> $cpuid.Features
# вывод фич процессора
...
Надеюсь это поможет. |
