[Petya V4sechkin]

diagnoz_, вы бы файлы из CBS.log сначала восстановили:

Там 22 файла (ищите "Cannot repair")

Код:

Cannot repair member file [l:50{25}]"PresentationFontCache.exe" of PresentationFontCache, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_MSIL (8), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:44{22}]"mscorlib.resources.dll" of mscorlib.resources, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_MSIL (8), Culture = [l:10{5}]"ru-ru", VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"M1033DSK.CSD" of Microsoft-Windows-MulanTTSVoiceENUDsk, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:30{15}]"sppuinotify.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:28{14}]"sppcommdlg.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:16{8}]"slui.exe" of Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:34{17}]"sntsearch.dll.mui" of Microsoft-Windows-StickyNotes.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture = [l:10{5}]"ru-RU", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:32{16}]"wmpnetwk.exe.mui" of Microsoft-Windows-WMPNSS-Service.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture = [l:10{5}]"ru-RU", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:16{8}]"wups.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-WindowsUpdateClient-Aux, Version = 7.6.7600.256, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"wmpnetwk.exe" of Microsoft-Windows-WMPNSS-Service, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch
Cannot repair member file [l:14{7}]"sfc.exe" of Microsoft-Windows-WRP-Integrity-Client, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file cannot be checked
Cannot repair member file [l:16{8}]"big5.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"bopomofo.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"sorttbls.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"normnfkc.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"normnfkd.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"normidna.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:16{8}]"xjis.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:16{8}]"prcp.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:22{11}]"normnfd.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:22{11}]"normnfc.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
Cannot repair member file [l:22{11}]"sortkey.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope neutral, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:b77a5c561934e089}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing

Вот, например:

Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"sorttbls.nlp" of mscorlib, Version = 6.1.7601.17952

и в логе Procmon он же:

mmc.exe 2544 CreateFile C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\mscorlib\2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\sorttbls.nlp NAME NOT FOUND

Нету файла.
И все остальные из mscorlib и mscorlib.resources (их 12 штук). Судя по версии 6.1.7601.17952, обновление KB2729452 криво встало.
Извлечение файлов Windows 7 из дистрибутива

если попробовать удалить FX:{b05566ad-fe9c-4363-be05-7a4cbb7cb510} в реестре и перегрузить

Не надо удалять. Не усугубляйте проблему.